SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

</head>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">ML.NET</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href=".NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 2018<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-05-07</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-blog_Intr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog_Intr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.0.0

/ 28 November 2023<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-11-28</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.0.0-preview.23511.1

/ 14 October 2023<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-10-14</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/dotnet<wbr>/machinelearning<wbr>/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> and <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href=".NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET Core</a>,<br><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a> <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dot.net/ml">dot<wbr>.net<wbr>/ml</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>ML.NET</b> is a <a href="Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> <a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> for the <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> and <a href="F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a> programming languages.<sup id="cite_ref-visu_Open_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visu_Open-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-onms_Micr_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onms_Micr-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msdn04_Micr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn04_Micr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also supports <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> models when used together with NimbusML. The preview release of ML.NET included transforms for <a href="Feature_engineering" title="Feature engineering">feature engineering</a> like <a href="N-gram" title="N-gram">n-gram</a> creation, and learners to handle binary classification, multi-class classification, and regression tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-gith_dotn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gith_dotn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional ML tasks like anomaly detection and recommendation systems have since been added, and other approaches like deep learning will be included in future versions.<sup id="cite_ref-foss_Micr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foss_Micr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Machine_learning">Machine learning</h2></div>

<p>ML.NET brings model-based Machine Learning analytic and prediction capabilities to existing .NET developers. The framework is built upon .NET Core and .NET Standard inheriting the ability to run cross-platform on <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>. Although the ML.NET framework is new, its origins began in 2002 as a Microsoft Research project named TMSN (<a href="Text_mining" title="Text mining">text mining</a> search and navigation) for use internally within Microsoft products. It was later renamed to TLC (the learning code) around 2011. ML.NET was derived from the TLC library and has largely surpassed its parent says Dr. James McCaffrey, Microsoft Research.<sup id="cite_ref-msdn05_Micr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn05_Micr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Developers can train a Machine Learning Model or reuse an existing Model by a 3rd party and run it on any environment offline. This means developers do not need to have a background in Data Science to use the framework. Support for the <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> Open Neural Network Exchange (<a href="Onnx" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnx">ONNX</a>) <a href="Deep_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Learning">Deep Learning</a> model format was introduced from build 0.3 in ML.NET. The release included other notable enhancements such as Factorization Machines, <a href="LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a>, Ensembles, LightLDA transform and OVA.<sup id="cite_ref-github_rel_03_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github_rel_03-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ML.NET integration of <a href="TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a> is enabled from the 0.5 release. Support for x86 & x64 applications was added to build 0.7 including enhanced recommendation capabilities with Matrix Factorization.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_nimbus_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_nimbus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A full roadmap of planned features have been made available on the official GitHub repo.<sup id="cite_ref-github_roadmap_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github_roadmap-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The first stable 1.0 release of the framework was announced at <a href="Build_(developer_conference)" class="mw-redirect" title="Build (developer conference)">Build (developer conference)</a> 2019. It included the addition of a Model Builder tool and <a href="Automated_machine_learning" title="Automated machine learning">AutoML</a> (Automated Machine Learning) capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_build2019_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_build2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Build 1.3.1 introduced a preview of Deep Neural Network training using C# bindings<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Tensorflow and a Database loader which enables model training on databases. The 1.4.0 preview added ML.NET scoring on ARM processors and Deep Neural Network training with GPU's for Windows and Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-github_140preview_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github_140preview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3></div>

<p>Microsoft's paper on machine learning with ML.NET demonstrated it is capable of training sentiment analysis models using large datasets while achieving high accuracy. Its results showed 95% accuracy on Amazon's 9GB review dataset.<sup id="cite_ref-arx_paper1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arx_paper1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_builder">Model builder</h3></div>

<p>The ML.NET CLI is a <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a> which uses ML.NET AutoML to perform model training and pick the best algorithm for the data. The ML.NET Model Builder preview<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an extension for <a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> that uses ML.NET CLI and ML.NET AutoML to output the best ML.NET Model using a <a href="GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_build2019_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_build2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_explainability">Model explainability</h3></div>

<p><a href="Fairness_(machine_learning)" title="Fairness (machine learning)">AI fairness</a> and <a href="Explainable_artificial_intelligence" title="Explainable artificial intelligence">explainability</a> has been an area of debate for AI Ethicists in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_aifairness_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes_aifairness-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major issue for Machine Learning applications is the black box effect where end users and the developers of an application are unsure of how an algorithm came to a decision or whether the dataset contains bias.<sup id="cite_ref-pwc_aiblackbox_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pwc_aiblackbox-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Build 0.8 included model explainability API's that had been used internally in Microsoft. It added the capability to understand the feature importance of models with the addition of 'Overall Feature Importance' and 'Generalized Additive Models'.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When there are several variables that contribute to the overall score, it is possible to see a breakdown of each variable and which features had the most impact on the final score. The official documentation demonstrates that the scoring metrics can be output for debugging purposes. During training & debugging of a model, developers can preview and inspect live filtered data. This is possible using the <a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> DataView tools.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_explainability_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_explainability-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Infer.NET" title="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</a></div>

<p>Microsoft Research announced the popular Infer.NET model-based machine learning framework used for research in academic institutions since 2008 has been released open source and is now part of the ML.NET framework.<sup id="cite_ref-register_infernet_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-register_infernet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Infer.NET framework utilises <a href="Probabilistic_programming" title="Probabilistic programming">probabilistic programming</a> to describe <a href="Probabilistic_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Probabilistic model">probabilistic models</a> which has the added advantage of interpretability. The Infer.NET namespace has since been changed to Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic consistent with ML.NET namespaces.<sup id="cite_ref-packt_infernet_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-packt_infernet-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NimbusML_Python_support">NimbusML Python support</h3></div>

<p>Microsoft acknowledged that the <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> programming language is popular with Data Scientists, so it has introduced NimbusML the experimental Python bindings for ML.NET. This enables users to train and use machine learning models in Python. It was made open source similar to Infer.NET.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_nimbus_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_nimbus-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machine_learning_in_the_browser">Machine learning in the browser</h3></div>

<p>ML.NET allows users to export trained models to the <a href="Open_Neural_Network_Exchange" title="Open Neural Network Exchange">Open Neural Network Exchange</a> (ONNX) format.<sup id="cite_ref-onnx01_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onnx01-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This establishes an opportunity to use models in different environments that don't use ML.NET. It would be possible to run these models in the client side of a browser using ONNX.js, a javascript client-side framework for deep learning models created in the Onnx format.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AI_School_Machine_Learning_Course">AI School Machine Learning Course</h3></div>

<p>Along with the rollout of the ML.NET preview, Microsoft rolled out free AI tutorials and courses to help developers understand techniques needed to work with the framework.<sup id="cite_ref-ai_Micr_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai_Micr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-docs_Micr_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-docs_Micr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infer_Micr_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infer_Micr-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="Scikit-learn" title="Scikit-learn">scikit-learn</a></li>

<li><a href="Accord.NET" title="Accord.NET">Accord.NET</a></li>

<li><a href="LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a></li>

<li><a href="TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_numerical_analysis_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of numerical analysis software">List of numerical analysis software</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_numerical_libraries#.NET_Framework_languages_C.23.2C_F.23.2C_VB.NET_and_PowerShell" title="List of numerical libraries">List of numerical libraries for .NET framework</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFAnkit_Asthana2017" class="citation web cs1">Ankit Asthana (2017-05-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/05/07/introducing-ml-net-cross-platform-proven-and-open-source-machine-learning-framework/">"Introducing ML.NET: Cross-platform, Proven and Open Source Machine Learning Framework"</a>. <i>blogs.msdn.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/net/learn/apps/machine-learning-and-ai/ml-dotnet">"ML.NET: Machine Learning made for .NET"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/blob/master/LICENSE">at master · DotNet/MachineLearning</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-visu_Open-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visu_Open_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Ramel2018" class="citation web cs1">David Ramel (2018-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2018/05/08/ml-net-framework.aspx">"Open Source, Cross-Platform ML.NET Simplifies Machine Learning -- Visual Studio Magazine"</a>. <i>Visual Studio Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-onms_Micr-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onms_Micr_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKareem_Anderson2017" class="citation web cs1">Kareem Anderson (2017-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onmsft.com/news/microsoft-debuts-ml-net-cross-platform-machine-learning-framework">"Microsoft debuts ML.NET cross-platform machine learning framework"</a>. <i>On MSFT</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-msdn04_Micr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msdn04_Micr_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnkit_Asthana2018" class="citation web cs1">Ankit Asthana (2018-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/08/07/announcing-ml-net-0-4/">"Announcing ML.NET 0.4"</a>. <i>blogs.msdn.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gith_dotn-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gith_dotn_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGal_Oshri2018" class="citation web cs1">Gal Oshri (2018-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/blob/master/Documentation/release-notes/0.1/release-0.1.md">"ML.NET 0.1 Release Notes"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-foss_Micr-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foss_Micr_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTiwari2018" class="citation web cs1">Tiwari, Aditya (2018-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fossbytes.com/microsoft-ml-net-open-source-framework-preview-released/">"Microsoft Launches ML.NET Open Source Machine Learning Framework"</a>. <i>Fossbytes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>. <q>Over time, it will enable other ML tasks like anomaly detection, recommendation system, and other approaches like deep learning using the benefits of added libraries.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/machine-learning/resources/tasks">"Machine learning tasks in ML.NET"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-msdn05_Micr-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msdn05_Micr_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames_McCaffrey2018" class="citation web cs1">James McCaffrey (2018-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/mt848634/">"ML.NET: The Machine Learning Framework for .NET Developers"</a>. <i>MSDN Magazine Connect() Special Issue 2018</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-09</span></span>. <q>Even though the ML.NET library is new, its origins go back many years. Shortly after the introduction of the Microsoft .NET Framework in 2002, Microsoft Research began a project called TMSN ("text mining search and navigation") to enable software developers to include ML code in Microsoft products and technologies. The project was very successful, and over the years grew in size and usage internally at Microsoft. Somewhere around 2011 the library was renamed to TLC ("the learning code"). TLC is widely used within Microsoft and is currently in version 3.10. The ML.NET library is a descendant of TLC, with Microsoft-specific features removed. I've used both libraries and, in many ways, the ML.NET child has surpassed its parent.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-github_rel_03-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-github_rel_03_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/blob/release/preview/docs/release-notes/0.3/release-0.3.md/">"Release Microsoft ML.NET v0.3"</a>. <i>Github</i>. 2018-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-03</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ms_nimbus-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms_nimbus_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms_nimbus_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/11/08/announcing-ml-net-0-7-machine-learning-net/">"Announcing ML.NET 0.7 (Machine Learning .NET)"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i>. 2018-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-github_roadmap-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-github_roadmap_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/blob/d9d1216221701ee04951353e5180954056474cbf/ROADMAP.md/">"The ML.NET Roadmap"</a>. <i>Github</i>. 2018-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ms_build2019-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms_build2019_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms_build2019_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-ml-net-1-0/">"Announcing ML.NET 1.0"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i>. 2019-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/SciSharp/TensorFlow.NET">"SciSharp/TensorFlow.NET"</a>. SciSharp STACK. 21 February 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-github_140preview-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-github_140preview_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning/releases/tag/1.4.0-preview2/">"ML.NET 1.4.0-preview2"</a>. <i>Github</i>. 2019-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-arx_paper1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arx_paper1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhmedAmizadehBilenkoCarr2019" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Zeeshan; Amizadeh, Saeed; Bilenko, Mikhail; Carr, Rogan; Chin, Wei-Sheng; Dekel, Yael; Dupre, Xavier; Eksarevskiy, Vadim; Erhardt, Eric; Eseanu, Costin; Filipi, Senja; Finley, Tom; Goswami, Abhishek; Hoover, Monte; Inglis, Scott; Interlandi, Matteo; Katzenberger, Shon; Kazmi, Najeeb; Krivosheev, Gleb; Luferenko, Pete; Matantsev, Ivan; Matusevych, Sergiy; Moradi, Shahab; Nazirov, Gani; Ormont, Justin; Oshri, Gal; Pagnoni, Artidoro; Parmar, Jignesh; Roy, Prabhat; et al. (2019-05-15). "Machine Learning at Microsoft with ML.NET". <i>Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">2448–</span>2458. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05715">1905.05715</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3292500.3330667">10.1145/3292500.3330667</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781450362016</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53380995">53380995</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning-modelbuilder">"dotnet/machinelearning-modelbuilder"</a>. .NET Platform. 17 February 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-forbes_aifairness-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forbes_aifairness_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulteich/2018/09/24/artificial-intelligence-can-reinforce-bias-cloud-giants-announce-tools-for-ai-fairness/">"Artificial Intelligence Can Reinforce Bias, Cloud Giants Announce Tools For AI Fairness"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 2018-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pwc_aiblackbox-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pwc_aiblackbox_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usblogs.pwc.com/emerging-technology/to-open-ai-black-box/">"What it means to open AI's black box"</a>. <i>PwC</i>. 2018-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHastie2017" class="citation book cs1">Hastie, Trevor J. (1 November 2017). "Generalized Additive Models". <i>Statistical Models in S</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>307. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2F9780203738535-7">10.1201/9780203738535-7</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780203738535</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ms_explainability-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ms_explainability_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/12/04/announcing-ml-net-0-8-machine-learning-for-net/">"Announcing ML.NET 0.8 – Machine Learning for .NET"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i>. 2018-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-register_infernet-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-register_infernet_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/10/05/imicrosoft_nfernet/">"Microsoft open-sources Infer.NET AI code just in time for the weekend"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. 2018-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-31</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-packt_infernet-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-packt_infernet_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hub.packtpub.com/microsoft-open-sources-infer-net-its-popular-model-based-machine-learning-framework">"Microsoft open sources Infer.NET, its popular model-based machine learning framework"</a>. <i>Packt</i>. 2018-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-31</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-onnx01-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onnx01_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elbruno.com/2018/07/11/mlnet-export-machine-learning-net-models-to-onnx-format/">"ML.NET – Export Machine Learning.Net models to ONNX format"</a>. <i>El Bruno</i>. 2018-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ai_Micr-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ai_Micr_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aischool.microsoft.com/learning-paths/">"AI School"</a>. <i>Microsoft AI</i>. 2018-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-docs_Micr-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-docs_Micr_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/machine-learning/">"ML.NET Guide"</a>. <i>Microsoft</i>. 2018-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-infer_Micr-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-infer_Micr_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotnet.github.io/infer/userguide/">"Infer.NET User Guide"</a>. <i>Infer.NET</i>. 2018-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-31</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCapellman2020" class="citation book cs1">Capellman, Jarred (2020). <i>Hands-On Machine Learning with ML.NET: Getting started with Microsoft ML.NET to implement popular machine learning algorithms in C#</i>. Packt Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1789801781</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2020" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Sudipta (2020). <i>ML.NET Revealed: Simple Tools for Applying Machine Learning to Your Applications</i>. Apress. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1484265420</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEspositoEsposito2022" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, Dino; Esposito, Francesco (2022). <i>Programming ML.NET</i>. Microsoft Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0137383658</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dot.net/ml">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deep_learning_software304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Deep_learning_software304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Comparison_of_deep_learning_software" title="Comparison of deep learning software">Deep learning software</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_deep_learning_software" title="Comparison of deep learning software">Comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_MXNet" title="Apache MXNet">Apache MXNet</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_SINGA" title="Apache SINGA">Apache SINGA</a></li>

<li><a href="Caffe_(software)" title="Caffe (software)">Caffe</a></li>

<li><a href="Deeplearning4j" title="Deeplearning4j">Deeplearning4j</a></li>

<li><a href="DeepSpeed" title="DeepSpeed">DeepSpeed</a></li>

<li><a href="Keras" title="Keras">Keras</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenNN" title="OpenNN">OpenNN</a></li>

<li><a href="PyTorch" title="PyTorch">PyTorch</a></li>

<li><a href="TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li>

<li><a href="Theano_(software)" title="Theano (software)">Theano</a></li>

<li><a href="Torch_(machine_learning)" title="Torch (machine learning)">Torch</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVINO" title="OpenVINO">OpenVINO</a></li>

<li><a href="MindSpore" title="MindSpore">MindSpore</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="Core_ML" class="mw-redirect" title="Core ML">Core ML</a></li>

<li><a href="Watson_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Watson (computer)">IBM Watson</a></li>

<li><a href="Neural_Designer" title="Neural Designer">Neural Designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Wolfram_Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Wolfram Mathematica</a></li>

<li><a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> Deep Learning Toolbox</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)290" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)290" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software (FOSS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Microsoft and open source</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="3D_Movie_Maker" title="3D Movie Maker">3D Movie Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Conference_XP" title="Conference XP">Conference XP</a></li>

<li><a href="Family.Show" title="Family.Show">Family.Show</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Live_Writer" title="Open Live Writer">Open Live Writer</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edit">Microsoft Edit</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_PowerToys" title="Microsoft PowerToys">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Windows Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="WorldWide_Telescope" title="WorldWide Telescope">WorldWide Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_Notepad" title="XML Notepad">XML Notepad</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allegiance_(video_game)" title="Allegiance (video game)">Allegiance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming<br>languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li>

<li><a href="Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li>

<li><a href="GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li>

<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>

<li><a href="IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic Online</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks,<br>development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Gadgeteer" title=".NET Gadgeteer">.NET Gadgeteer</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="AirSim" title="AirSim">AirSim</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">ASP.NET Razor</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">ASP.NET Web Forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Babylon.js" title="Babylon.js">Babylon.js</a></li>

<li><a href="BitFunnel" title="BitFunnel">BitFunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li>

<li><a href="C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a></li>

<li><a href="CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="DeepSpeed" title="DeepSpeed">DeepSpeed</a></li>

<li><a href="DiskSpd" title="DiskSpd">DiskSpd</a></li>

<li><a href="Dryad_(programming)" title="Dryad (programming)">Dryad</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="EBPF_on_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="EBPF on Windows">eBPF on Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent Design System</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluid_Framework" title="Fluid Framework">Fluid Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Infer.NET" title="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</a></li>

<li><a href="LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Automatic_Graph_Layout" title="Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout">Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_C%2B%2B_Standard_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft C++ Standard Library">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Microsoft Design Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Detours" title="Microsoft Detours">Microsoft Detours</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Microsoft Enterprise Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_SEAL" title="Microsoft SEAL">Microsoft SEAL</a></li>

<li><a href="Mimalloc" title="Mimalloc">mimalloc</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_Reality_Toolkit" title="Mixed Reality Toolkit">Mixed Reality Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li>

<li><a href="MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li>

<li><a href="MsQuic" title="MsQuic">MsQuic</a></li>

<li><a href="Neural_Network_Intelligence" title="Neural Network Intelligence">Neural Network Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li>

<li><a href="OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Management_Infrastructure" title="Open Management Infrastructure">Open Management Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Neural_Network_Exchange" title="Open Neural Network Exchange">Open Neural Network Exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Service_Mesh" title="Open Service Mesh">Open Service Mesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Orleans_(software_framework)" title="Orleans (software framework)">Orleans</a></li>

<li><a href="Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li>

<li><a href="ProcDump" title="ProcDump">ProcDump</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_Monitor" title="Process Monitor">ProcMon</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="Python Tools for Visual Studio">Python Tools for Visual Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="R_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="R Tools for Visual Studio">R Tools for Visual Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="RecursiveExtractor" class="mw-redirect" title="RecursiveExtractor">RecursiveExtractor</a></li>

<li><a href="Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandcastle_(software)" title="Sandcastle (software)">Sandcastle</a></li>

<li><a href="SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a></li>

<li><a href="StyleCop" title="StyleCop">StyleCop</a></li>

<li><a href="SVNBridge" title="SVNBridge">SVNBridge</a></li>

<li><a href="T2_Temporal_Prover" title="T2 Temporal Prover">T2 Temporal Prover</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Template_Transformation_Toolkit" title="Text Template Transformation Toolkit">Text Template Transformation Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="TLA%2B_Toolbox" class="mw-redirect" title="TLA+ Toolbox">TLA+ Toolbox</a></li>

<li><a href="U-Prove" title="U-Prove">U-Prove</a></li>

<li><a href="Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_File_System_for_Git" title="Virtual File System for Git">Virtual File System for Git</a></li>

<li><a href="Voldemort_(distributed_data_store)" title="Voldemort (distributed data store)">Voldemort</a></li>

<li><a href="Vowpal_Wabbit" title="Vowpal Wabbit">Vowpal Wabbit</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Driver_Frameworks" title="Windows Driver Frameworks">Windows Driver Frameworks</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">Windows UI Library</a></li>

<li><a href="WinJS" title="WinJS">WinJS</a></li>

<li><a href="WinObjC" class="mw-redirect" title="WinObjC">WinObjC</a></li>

<li><a href="XDP_for_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="XDP for Windows">XDP for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li>

<li><a href="Z3_Theorem_Prover" title="Z3 Theorem Prover">Z3 Theorem Prover</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Barrelfish_(operating_system)" title="Barrelfish (operating system)">Barrelfish</a></li>

<li><a href="SONiC_(operating_system)" title="SONiC (operating system)">SONiC</a></li>

<li><a href="Azure_Linux" title="Azure Linux">Azure Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ChronoZoom" title="ChronoZoom">ChronoZoom</a></li>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="FlexWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexWiki">FlexWiki</a></li>

<li><a href="FourQ" title="FourQ">FourQ</a></li>

<li><a href="Gollum_(software)" title="Gollum (software)">Gollum</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Project Mu</a></li>

<li><a href="ReactiveX" title="ReactiveX">ReactiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="TLAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="TLAPS">TLAPS</a></li>

<li><a href="TPM_2.0_Reference_Implementation" class="mw-redirect" title="TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation">TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation</a></li>

<li><a href="WikiBhasha" title="WikiBhasha">WikiBhasha</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Public License">Microsoft Public License</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Reciprocal_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Reciprocal License">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">Forges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a></li>

<li><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href=".NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="F_Sharp_Software_Foundation" title="F Sharp Software Foundation">F# Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=ML.NET&oldid=1294164903">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>